Evolution is Everywhere

Evolution is one of my great interests. I've noticed lately how evolution is implied in so much, and well beyond biology. It is found in social environments, and in business. It is possibly everywhere. Today's link shows how the same ecological process, operating in opposite directions, can be found in fiction and in non-fiction.

I'm currently reading The Long Tail by Chris Anderson, editor of Wired. The title refers to the huge number of products that sell rarely if at all. However, the internet economy has now made these items viable products. The business opportunities represented by these goods are collectively comparable to the few 'hits' at the 'head' of the distribution. (See the figure, below, from www.thelongtail.com, Anderson's website.) At one point in the book, Anderson describes these goods in ecological terms. It's as if the top-selling products were always there as islands that show above the water line. Now the ocean is receding, and revealing all those other items that are now available. I read this as saying that many niches are now viable business opportunities.

What about the opposite situation? In the novel Galapagos, Kurt Vonnegut describes what happens when a group of tourists are stranded on an island while the rest of the human race contracts a mysterious disease that prevents them from reproducing. In technical terms, the genetic pool is dramatically bottlenecked. Vonnegut mashes up time and space and life and death and ghosts in his usual hilarious format, and describes how an accident saves the human race, but leads to an unusual evolutionary twist.

Weak Links in Politics

I'm going to start a new series of posts on this blog. I'll occasionally post about how the power of weak links is being ignored. Now that I'm thinking about weak links, I see it all around me. Here's one example that I feel is relevent as we lead up to the presidential elections later in the year: the left and right of the political spectrum do not listen to one another. Now, this may not be shocking, but it has important implications. How can consensus-driven, non-partisan politics succeed, without communication? Here's the evidence for this claim.

1) A recent study of links between politically-oriented blogs was carried out by Lada Adamic and Natalie Glance (see the complete study in pdf, and a blog that discusses the study). These researchers showed that blogs fail to link to blogs of the opposite political orientation. The following figure shows the links between top twenty political blogs from each side of the aisle, such that only connections of five or greater links in either direction are shown. Note that connections are robust within one political affiliation, but extremely rare across the aisle.

But that's the political wonks that have highly trafficked blogs. What do people actually read about?

2) One way to study what people are interested in is to look at what they buy together. Valdis Krebs did just that, using web-based bookseller data. He identified political books from the New York Times bestseller list, and looked for incidences of co-purchase, that is, 'someone who bought book x also bought book y'. Here's the data:


There are only a couple of books that bridge the left-right divide! People are reading only what they already agree with and know.

Again, I don't think this is surprising, but it has important implications. There's no chance of communication under these circumstances. And no chance of consensus-building, and not even a good chance of negotiation or compromise. In a broader context, this is dramatic evidence of the difficulty of finding, considering and integrating new ideas.

This is a sort of confirmation bias, which I learned about in The Black Swan. People tend to look for evidence that supports their hypotheses or beliefs. But the better test would be to look for counterevidence. This is analogous to exactly what people are not doing when considering their politics: listening to counterarguments, carefully considering them, and then either changing opinions or figuring out what the problem is with the political argument.

The Heart and Mind

I previously discussed the Edge books: smart, brief discussions about a variety of topics. In particular, What Are You Optimistic About? is interesting in how it allows the thought leaders of today to explain why the future is actually getting better. In a time like ours, which I see as fairly pessimistic, this is a great read. The inspiration for today's link is how this book is a collection of brief essays: each entry is no more than a couple of pages long, and many are significantly shorter. It's a buffet for your brain: a little Jared Diamond, some Judith Rich Harris, a dash of Steven Pinker, Richard Dawkins, Brian Greene, and many others...

The movie Paris, Je T'Aime is a group of vignettes, each with a very small cast, and each by a different director. Most are interesting and touching, and they all take place, of course, in Paris. There are 18 vignettes, each in a different arrondissment, and each with a distinct feel. There's Olivier Assayas, Alfonso Cuarón, the Coen brothers, Tom Tykwer, and Gus van Sant. There's Juliette Binoche (of course!), Nick Nolte, Natalie Portman, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Elijah Wood and Steve Buscemi. It was really fun to watch the incredible cast and phenomenal group of directors have a go at conveying the feel of Paris.

Got growl?

You know how a remake is usually not as good as the original? And how this is usually true regardless of whether the remake is in the same medium, or in a new one? (Song to song, or book to movie, for example.) Well, I thought of two songs where the remake is superior to the original, and in both cases, it's entirely because the remake has the growl that each song needs.

The original version of Anarchy in the UK is a punk anthem. Originally by the Sex Pistols, it's been covered several times. Of the versions that I'm familiar with, I think that Dave Mustaine of Megadeth brings the real growl that is needed. The Sex Pistols had attitude, but they also had more whine than bark. Mustaine sounds like a mean dog.

(I also want to give props to X Japan for their cover of Anarchy in the UK in collaboration with Luna Sea. Pretty wild.)

The connection that I'm going to make is to a remake of Stone Cold Crazy, originally by Queen and covered by Metallica. With all respect to Freddie Mercury, he just can't produce the guttural sounds that James Hetfield can. It's a hard-driving song that seems out of place in the Queen repertoire, but fits the Metallica style really well. In the version below, Hetfield is performing with the surviving members of Queen at the Freddie Mercury tribute concert.

Geek MBA

I just got some news that saddened my geeky soul. Gary Gygax, the creator of the role-playing game Dungeons and Dragons, passed away this past week (NY Times Obituary). While it's been years since I've played, there's definitely still a soft spot in me for one of the great pasttimes of my geeky adolescence.

In that spirit, I'd like to make a connection that was really surprising to me when it first came up (but is perhaps obvious in hindsight). With the rising popularity of massive, multiuser online games such as World of Warcraft, it was perhaps inevitable that the skills developed by gaming would be analyzed in some depth. The surprising thing is that some or many of these skills are now thought to be useful in the business world.

The Harvard Business Review ran a list in the February 2008 issue of the Breakthrough Ideas for 2008. Among this list were articles entitled, 'The Gamer Disposition' and, 'Making Alternate Reality the New Business Reality.' (Here's the complete list.) So it was basically a surprise that geeky gaming has gone mainstream and is now considered conducive to good business. (And here's a further discussion.) On top of all this, a recent NY Times Op-Ed discussed how role-playing games help people to understand each other. I didn't think I got any of that from D&D.

Here's to D&D, and to Gary Gygax. It's amazing how it's gone from a sure sign of Satan worship to indicative of business competency.

Strange endings and beginnings

I'm going to make a link today between the book Barney's Version by Modecai Richler, and the movie Magnolia, directed by PT Anderson. But the strange thing is that I'll only provide a hint as to why.

Barney's Version is about an aging Montreal Jew who is convinced to write his memoirs as a defense against accusations in the autobiography of an enemy. The story itself, the characterization of Barney, are all incredible. He's tough to love if you imagine yourself actually knowing him, but easy to smile with as he tells his own version of his life story. He was accused of the murder of his best friend, was found innocent, and is incredibly upset at his best friend for disappearing. But his best friend was sleeping with Barney's third wife. Barney is an increasingly unreliable narrator, which always makes for an interesting story, and Mordecai Richler does not fail to entertain and enrich.

In addition to a great story with a curmudgeonly character, Barney recalls all sorts of places and times that strangely overlap parts of my parents' and grandparents' generations: Barney, the storyteller, was apparently born sometime in between those two generations (Richler himself was born in 1931, closer to my grandparents), and a number of places that he describes could very well have been out of my own family's history. But my enjoyment of this book went well beyond how the book touched me personally.

Magnolia is about the strange intersections of a number of characters in modern Los Angeles. The ensemble cast is incredible, with such powerful acting as so many strange events unfold and personalities are revealed, that it is truly a riveting movie. Tom Cruise and Julianne Moore cut loose, Phillip Seymour Hoffman is dreadfully tender, Phillip Baker Hall and Jason Robards are filled with such profound regret... and there's more as well. Really, watch it.

The thing is, that the movie is about coincidence as much as anything else - the coincidence that these so very different characters lives are all intertwined in some fashion: As one character says at a pivotal moment, "This happens. This is something that happens." This is the sort of coincidence that links this movie to this book. Highlight it to discover the spoiler: Several people die in unlikely ways in the movie, and the manner of one of those deaths is the key to solving the mystery of Barney's Version. Enjoy the trailer...

Buddies

Of course there are tons of buddy-movies. An incredibly popular movie of this genre was Swingers, in which two guys in their low-to-mid-twenties pursue women. They do it with style -mostly- of the neo-lounge scene. This is the movie that spawned the phrase, 'Vegas, baby, vegas.' Directed by Doug Liman, Swingers stars Jon Favreau, Vince Vaughn and Ron Livingston.

I couldn't help but think of Swingers when I finally saw Flight of the Conchords. This is a HBO TV series about a New Zealand band of the same name that comes to New York to make it big. They're a real band, of the humourous-folksy variety, and their songs are woven into the episodes. It was mainly the interaction between the two guys (Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement), and especially their discussions about women, that made this link for me.

Also, call me crazy, but I think that Rachel Blanchard (in the video, below, from the show) kinda looks like Heather Graham in her Swingers style (in the photo).

More Confused Young-ish Men

I wanted to add to Miss Mabel's post about Confused Young-ish Men. Along the same theme, there's The Last Kiss, starring Zach Braff, Casey Affleck and Rachel Bilson. The movie shows the problems of several relationships as the guys approach 30. Michael's girlfriend Jenna announces she's pregnant, putting them on the fast track to marriage. But then Michael meets Kim... Besides that, Chris and Lisa can't stop arguing about raising their baby, putting their entire marriage into question. Kenny won't commit to his newest girlfriend, and Izzy won't let go of Ariana. Jenna's parents have their own problems, as well. The key line is that Michael is having a crisis because his life feels way too planned out, as though there will be no more surprises. I'll add that of the 30-ish guys I've polled, this is a common type of crisis. It's a significant movie in the sense that it makes life into art, in a very real and touching way. As an aside, The Last Kiss is a remake of the Italian film, L'Ultimo Bacio.

I'll make another connection that is a little further afield: Vanilla Sky, directed by Cameron Crowe and starring Tom Cruise, Penelope Cruz and Cameron Diaz. Also a remake, of the Spanish film Abre Los Ojos, also starring Cruz. It's a sort of sci-fi/drama/romance/mystery. David Aames seems to have it all, until a car crash changes his life in exceedingly strange ways... But David learns alot about what is important in life, and that comes back to the theme of the movies for Confused Young-ish Men.

Connections for The Confused Young Man

The Tao Of Steve, starring Donal Logue and High Fidelity, starring John Cusack and based on the book by Nick Hornby.

I re-watched these movies this month and they both deal, in part, with the 30-something male crisis of Settling Down. Get out the popcorn and have a boys night!

(Hmm maybe boys don't do that.)

Reflexive explanation

In the book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell describes three types of people, all of whom can combine to make great things happen, that is, to help ideas/items/fads/fashions/etc. reach their own tipping point and become an epidemic. The three kinds of people are mavens, connectors and salesmen.

Mavens know everything: where to get the best of everything, where to get the best price, how to game the market. They are the connoisseurs, helpers and educators. Salesmen, of course, infect their co-converationalists with whatever they're interested in, be it a mood or an item or an idea.

And finally, there are Connectors. These are the folks who know everyone. If you were to look at a social networking website (facebook, linkedin) you would find some people to be 'nodes' on the social network; these are the connectors. The important point about connectors, though, is that they have mastered the 'weak link'. They aren't best friends with everyone in their network; there isn't enough time in the day for that. But they maintain a casual, friendly connection to each person in their network. On top of all of this, connectors know people who move in different circles. One connector that Gladwell describes knew people in 8 or 10 different circles: politicians, actors, writers, doctors and so on.

Gladwell described a classic study 'Getting A Job' by sociologist Mark Granovetter. Of professionals who had discussed a job hunt with people they knew, and for whom those contacts had helped them to get a job, 56% were 'weak ties' as compared with 17% that were closer friends. This is the point: the important connections are the weak ties.

And this is also the point of this website. I am proposing that the weak ties are the ones that will help you to find new and interesting works that you might not have found otherwise. If you were to go to the bookstore, The Black Swan and The Long Tail are displayed next to one another, but The Black Swan and What Are You Optimistic About? probably never would be. They are in different circles. The proposition of this website is to show how these circles overlap in unexpected and surprising and interesting ways.

I hope you'll enjoy it, and I hope even more that you'll contribute.

Intense, genius acting

I just saw There Will Be Blood, directed by PT Anderson. It stars Daniel Day-Lewis as an oil man in early twentieth-century California. The intesity of the acting is just incredible. I couldn't look away - the man is awful, thoroughly unlikeable - but completely watchable. It's just amazing. Here's a quote to give you an idea of the character:

"I have a competition in me. I want no one else to succeed. I hate most people."

And I associated this with the Alec Baldwin part in David Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross. He, too, was incredibly intense, mean and commanding. Co-star Jack Lemmon said the cast was the greatest acting ensemble he had ever been part of. It's a sort of Death Of A Salesman for the 90's - but the plot is almost secondary to the incredible acting talent on display. If you haven't already seen it, then see it now.

Good Will Geeks

Freaks and Geeks was a TV show (Judd Apatow produced it, and the stars include James Franco and Seth Rogan) about two overlapping groups of kids in high school in the early eighties. There's one episode where Sam, one of the geeks, found out that one of the popular, good-looking cheerleaders liked him and wanted him to ask her to a party - a make-out party. He was discussing whether to do it with his other two geek buddies. One of the geek buddies, Neal, was arguing that Sam should do it because they couldn't. (Not to mention that it would also help his own situation.)

This very much made me think of the scene in Gus van Sant's Good Will Hunting where Chuckie (Ben Affleck) tells Will (Matt Damon) that being in construction is a waste of his time. Will is a genius, but does not want to take advantage of that, to leave his life, to challange himself. Chuckie goes on to say, "you owe it to me," to cash in the winning lottery ticket. It's a turning point, where Will finds that even his most trusted friend wants better for him.

Those geeks were feeling the same way for the Sam! OK, OK, it was a much less serious moment, but it still felt very much the same to me.

Grey swans and optimism

As an aside to the last post, The Black Swan shows how ridiculous it is for humans to make predictions: we're terrible at it. So I was both pleased and disappointed to see the Taleb had not contributed to the current Edge book, What Are You Optimistic About? edited by John Brockman. On the contrary, he was (appropriately) a contributor to What We Believe But Cannot Prove. These Edge books are pretty phenomenal in terms of the contributors: they are generally the thought leaders of today. Check them out.

Framing is amazing

The ability of framing to alter a person's perception is amazing. It was mentioned in Nassim Nicholas Taleb's The Black Swan as one of the classic errors that people make in prediction. If you were to ask a person the last four digits of their social security number, and then ask them the number of dentists in Manhattan, you'll find that their estimate is influenced by the answer to the first question. This and other tactics for affecting the decisions of a person were put to use in Covert Persuasion by Kevin Hogan and James Speakman. It is an applied course in interpersonal strategery.

How is Fast Food Nation like Collapse?

Collapse is a book about how societies destroy the environments that make their own survival possible. Fast Food Nation is about the travesties perpetrated by the fast food and meat industries. How in the world are the two alike?

In one section of Collapse, Jared Diamond describes two oil fields. One is everything that everyone loves to hate about the oil industry. The other is operated by Chevron and is what everyone wishes the oil industry could be like: respectful of the environment, minimizes ecological interference, etc. At least in part, it was in anticipation of public perception and legal regulations regarding environmental sustainability that Chevron operates this particular oil field in this way: they know that they're going to have to one day (probably sooner rather than later) and so they set up the oil field from the start to comply with laws that are likely to be passed at some point in the future.

I made the association to Eric Schlosser's Fast Food Nation for this reason: just as there are easily foreseeable regulations in the oil industry, so too is there public sentiment favoring more humane treatment of animals. So the indictment of the food industry is perhaps a wake-up call for that industry to voluntarily become more humane before regulations are enacted that force them to do so.

MMW/SatC

Am I crazy, or do the last forty seconds of the Medeski, Martin & Wood song Reflector from End of the World Party (Just In Case) sound like a groove-tastic version of the Sex and the City theme song?

Gore/Card/Friedman/Clarke Started It All - Part 3

Richard Clarke also wrote a fictional account of a near-world-war-three in the near future in Breakpoint. The global politics and technological advancements closely follow the trends discussed in Al Gore's and Thomas Friedman's books. Richard Clarke was the counter-terrorism czar whose warnings were ignored prior to 9/11. He has thought about how terrorism may occur in the digital age possibly more deeply and realistically than anyone else.

These four books all went really well together. It was a complete coincidence that I happened on them at the same time. And I recommend them all.

Gore/Card/Friedman/Clarke Started It All - Part 2

Moving from non-fiction to fiction:

The left/right clashes of Al Gore's book are taken one step further by Orson Scott Card's fictional account of a second civil war in the near future in Empire. The first two thirds or so was very realistic; it only became sci-fi in the last third or so, when flying machines and giant exoskeletons showed up for war.

Gore/Card/Friedman/Clarke Started It All - Part 1

I had a series of four books in a row that gave me the idea for this blog. Here's part 1 describing the four.

Al Gore's The Assault on Reason was a great indictment on the current administration's disdain for logic- and evidence-based decision making. Only one part of the book was disappointing: where he discussed how the internet would change the future of information exchange. This is where Thomas Friedman's The World is Flat took over. He showed how the exchange of information and commerce is now astoundingly global. Both are deeply thoughtful analyses of current political and economic trends.